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That is usually channelling or a basket that is badly under-dosed for its size. Check distribution, tamp level, and that your dose suits the basket rating.
Grind. It has the biggest effect on flow rate, and moving one variable at a time keeps the result readable. Touch dose only once grind is in the right region.
One or two clicks on a stepped grinder, or a very small movement on a stepless one. Espresso is sensitive enough that large jumps overshoot and cost you shots to walk back.
Method last reviewed 2026-07-29. Figures are guidance, not a substitute for the ratings printed on your own equipment.